pandas.DataFrame.unstack#

DataFrame.unstack(level=- 1, fill_value=None, sort=True)[source]#

Pivot a level of the (necessarily hierarchical) index labels.

Returns a DataFrame having a new level of column labels whose inner-most level consists of the pivoted index labels.

If the index is not a MultiIndex, the output will be a Series (the analogue of stack when the columns are not a MultiIndex).

Parameters
levelint, str, or list of these, default -1 (last level)

Level(s) of index to unstack, can pass level name.

fill_valueint, str or dict

Replace NaN with this value if the unstack produces missing values.

sortbool, default True

Sort the level(s) in the resulting MultiIndex columns.

Returns
Series or DataFrame

See also

DataFrame.pivot

Pivot a table based on column values.

DataFrame.stack

Pivot a level of the column labels (inverse operation from unstack).

Notes

Reference the user guide for more examples.

Examples

>>> index = pd.MultiIndex.from_tuples([('one', 'a'), ('one', 'b'),
...                                    ('two', 'a'), ('two', 'b')])
>>> s = pd.Series(np.arange(1.0, 5.0), index=index)
>>> s
one  a   1.0
     b   2.0
two  a   3.0
     b   4.0
dtype: float64
>>> s.unstack(level=-1)
     a   b
one  1.0  2.0
two  3.0  4.0
>>> s.unstack(level=0)
   one  two
a  1.0   3.0
b  2.0   4.0
>>> df = s.unstack(level=0)
>>> df.unstack()
one  a  1.0
     b  2.0
two  a  3.0
     b  4.0
dtype: float64